The first part of this tutorial will be an overview of wireless personal and multimedia communications, including a review of air-interface access schemes. The second part of the tutorial will be a discussion of the latest developments in the standardization of third-generation systems, especially developments related to WCDMA in ETSI and ARIB, Wideband CDMA in TR45.5, and IS-136. High-speed data proposals for IMT-2000 will be highlighted, with the key parameters and the reasoning behind them discussed. Topics will include channel bandwidth, chip rate, channel structures, implementation of variable-bit-rate capabilities, transmission of simultaneous services (multicall), high-bit-rate packet data, and new handover schemes. In addition to the regional standards bodies, the role of the ITU-R radio transmission technologies (RTT) evaluation process in the development of third-generation air-interface standards will be discussed. The third part of the tutorial will address the evolution of second-generation core networks such as GSM and IS-41 toward third-generation networks. New capabilities such as variable-rate packet data, multicall capabilities, and guaranteed quality of service for packet data services place new requirements on second-generation networks. The potential of second-generation networks to evolve toward third-generation networks will be presented in relation to these requirements. Specific enhancements to their protocols and interfaces will also be proposed.

Tuesday, September 8, 9:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m. Tue–F2
Wireless Local Loop
Joe DeCamp and Lee Kuoni, Motorola, USA

The purpose of this tutorial is to provide an overview of wireless local loop (WLL) technology and systems, as well as a market overview. Evolution of WLL will be presented, followed by the state of the market and deployment status, opportunities, and forecasts. Comparison of technologies will include wireless versus wireline access, micro versus macro, cordless, cellular, and proprietary technologies. A networking deployment presentation will focus on licensing and spectrum allocation, development of the business case, engineering issues in deploying the system, and subscriber unit installation and distribution. Issues arising in the commercialization of the system include public relations, marketing and promotion, and customer care and service. Following a case study, the future of WLL will be examined in the light of new technologies and solutions.

Tuesday, September 8, 9:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m. Tue–F3
Multiple Access Protocols for Wireless and Mobile Multimedia Networks
Krishna M. Sivalingam, Washington State University, USA Prathima Agrawal, AT&T Laboratories, USA Parameswaran Ramanathan, University of Wisconsin, USA

Typical Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols only coordinate access to a shared medium, in both wired and wireless networks. In future wireless and mobile multimedia networks, MAC protocols will have a significantly more complex role. MAC protocols will be primarily responsible for the allocation of bandwidth and for the coordination and scheduling of packet transmissions on a shared communication link. In contrast to MAC protocols in wireline networks, MAC protocols for wireless networks must also deal with issues such as mobility, error control, and energy conservation. Present-day MAC protocols for wireless networks are designed mainly for voice and data communication. However, the next-generation protocols are expected to provide integrated support for multimedia applications containing voice, video, and data. With the emergence of wireless local loops, MAC protocols for voice and Internet access are also receiving considerable attention. This full-day tutorial will begin with a discussion of the evolution of MAC protocols for wireless networks. The focus will then turn to current MAC protocols for voice communication in cellular networks, data communication in cellular networks, and voice and data communication in wireless local loops. In particular, the tutorial will cover standards, techniques, and protocols such as IS-54, IS-136, GSM, ARDIS, RAM, CDPD, IEEE 802.11, and HiperLAN. Issues and solutions in the design of next-generation MAC protocols from recent papers will be discussed. Techniques for quality-of-service guarantees, energy efficiency, and error control in MAC protocols will be covered. Insights and experiences gained from testbeds such as SWAN, BARWAN, WATMnet, etc., will also be presented. Finally, there will be a brief discussion of interaction between the MAC and other protocol layers; several unresolved problems and issues in this area will be highlighted.

Tuesday, September 8, 9:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m. Tue–F4
Migration From Second-Generation to Third-Generation Mobile Communication Systems
Hamid Aghvami, King’s College, UK

This tutorial will address the various approaches being taken to meet the requirements of third-generation mobile systems (UMTS and IMT-2000). After a brief description of GSM and IS-95, migration paths from IS-95 to wideband CDMA and from GSM to UMTS air interfaces will be discussed. A GSM-CDMA system operating within the GSM network with an IS-95 air interface has recently been introduced. It is claimed that the addition of CDMA radio access into the GSM network provides a wide range of economic and operational benefits. A field trial of the system was carried out in the UK this year. Technical aspects and the architecture of this system will be discussed. For the first phase of UMTS, Europe has decided to adopt an evolutionary approach for the UMTS core network based on migration from the present GSM infrastructure. For the air interface, however, a revolutionary approach has been chosen. ETSI SMG2 has recently selected the wideband CDMA concept for the paired spectrum band (FDD mode) and the TD/CDMA concept for the unpaired spectrum band (TDD mode) for UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA). The technical and operational aspects of these concepts will be described and discussed.

Tuesday, September 8, 9:00 a.m.–Noon Tue–AM1
Analog-to-Digital Conversion and Digital Signal Synthesis for Software Radios
Brian D. Woerner and Jeffrey H. Reed, Virginia Tech, USA

As commercial wireless communications services grow more varied and numerous, there is a strong need for radios which flexibly adapt to multiple requirements for air interfaces, frequency bands, bandwidth, and quality of service. Continuing advances in digital signal processing have enabled implementation of increasing amounts of radio functionality as flexible signal processing operations controlled by software. This long trend has inspired the popular notion of a “software radio.” The transition between digital and analog signals is central to any notion of software radio. For the foreseeable future, this transition will occur at intermediate frequencies. At the transmitter, modulated signals are generated using direct digital synthesis technologies, before RF processing. At the receiver, incoming down-converted signals are sampled and digitized at intermediate frequencies. This half-day tutorial will focus on the two key operations of digital signal synthesis and analog-to-digital conversion.

Tuesday, September 8, 9:00 a.m.–Noon Tue–AM2
Wireless LANs
Craig Mathias, Fairpoint Group, USA

Wireless LANs are an often overlooked element of the wireless data landscape, but one with a strong market presence and a clear set of both vertical and horizontal applications. Wireless LAN technology forms the basis of a broad range of products, from data collection to office applications to metropolitan-area bridges. This tutorial is designed for those familiar with the basics of wireless communications and LAN technology, but not necessarily with wireless LANs. The tutorial will begin with a review of the core issues in wireless data communications, and will then examine the major tradeoffs in wireless LAN design. This will include a review of spread-spectrum communications. Key applications will be looked at, and a number of products will be examined in some depth, covering the major technology choices and discussing the advantages and disadvantages of each. Finally, key technology and product trends will be examined, including speculations about a number of exciting potential applications for wireless LANs.

Tuesday, September 8, 9:00 a.m.–Noon Tue–AM3
Mobile and Wireless ATM Networks
Guy Omidar, GTE-Telecom, Egypt

In the early 1990s, several institutions began to work on the extension of ATM into wireless networks. The challenge was to extend ATM capabilities into wireless media that have lower bandwidth and higher error rates. There has been an increase in the number of contributions to major conferences by experts in this field. ATM technology and its access to wireless networks will be widely deployed over the next decade. Integration of portable wireless access and mobility features into wired-ATM networks can present a cost-effective and efficient way to provide seamless end-to-end connectivity in a market where demands on wireless networks have grown rapidly and have been predicted to generate billions of dollars in revenue by the end of the century. The deployment of broadband cell-based technologies and their integration with emerging wireless access networks are excepted to become increasingly important. Although wired ATM is moving rapidly toward becoming the technology of choice, the area of wireless ATM is an emerging technology and still has many issues that need to be resolved. The areas for immediate consideration in mobile and wireless ATM are mobility and connection management, location management, connection establishment, handover and handoff algorithms, quality-of-service provisioning, interworking of wireless ATM with wirelines, and wireless ATM standardization and implementation. This tutorial is an introduction to Mobile and Wireless ATM Networks and will cover networking issues of wired and wireless ATM. It will report on advanced communications technologies and services (ACT) mobile projects, European BRAN (Broadband radio Access network) standards, the Unlicensed NII spectrum and what it means to wireless ATM and the Wireless ATM Internet Service (WAIS). This tutorial also will cover traffic management in Wired and wireless ATM networks.

Tuesday, September 8, 9:00 a.m.–Noon Tue–AM4
Signal Separation in Multiuser Systems
Yeheskel Bar-Ness, New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA

Frequency reuse has become important in many communication systems. Most users are sharing the same frequency bandwidth by implementing code, polarization, or other distinguishing orthogonal properties of signals. Signal multiplexing methods are used in dually polarized satellites and terrestrial microwave links, overlapping frequency bands for constant modulus modulation systems, and mobile and personal indoor and outdoor communications. Clearly the performance of these systems depends largely on co-channel interference. Particularly for the non-stationary fading environment, adaptive cancelers are needed. In this tutorial, methods of adaptive signal separation, such as cross-coupled PLL, constant modulus separators, and cross-polarization cancelers, will be reviewed. New methods of adaptive interference cancellation for multiuser code-division multiple-access (CDMA) will be presented.

Tuesday, September 8, 2:00 p.m.–5:00 p.m. Tue–PM1
Integrated Solutions and Chip-Sets for Wireless Communications
Christian Kermarrec and Frederic Boutaud, Analog Devices, USA

This tutorial will address issues associated with implementation of wireless communication systems using highly integrated solutions such as specialized chip-sets. System partitioning of wireless systems will be presented based on its current technology status. Major factors relevant to radio-frequency (RF) integrated circuit (IC) design will be addressed, including radio transceiver architecture based on optimal system and chip partitioning, as well as optimal use of software techniques; semiconductor technology for optimal performance, cost, and integration path; and circuit implementation based on requirements of wireless systems. Examples of integrated RF chip-sets for different standards will be presented. Mixed signal presents an enabling technology for modern digital implementations. Different architectural approaches to the design of analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters will be outlined, together with major system-level requirements for wireless applications. Some of the transceiver architectures based on wideband conversion technologies will be presented, and state-of- the-art components for wireless design will be summarized. receiver architectures, and integration approaches. Selected topics from the following standards groups will be presented: the ATM Forum, IEEE 802.11, ARIB, ETSI (HiperLAN, Bran, Daws), and the HomeBus Consortium.

Tuesday, September 8, 2:00 p.m.–5:00 p.m. Tue–PM2
Radio Propagation Characteristics in Modern Wireless Systems
Henry Bertoni, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, USA

The characteristics of the radio channel in urban environments place severe constraints on wireless system performance. System design and installation require a familiarity with the observed characteristics and an understanding of the physical mechanisms and environmental features that give rise to them. This tutorial will review the results obtained in various channel measurements for both narrowband and pulsed excitation. The basic physical processes of propagation, reflection and transmission, diffraction, and scattering will be reviewed. The tutorial will discuss how these basic processes can be used to understand the influence of the urban environment on the observed channel properties and to construct propagation prediction models. The theory behind generic building of environment models, such as COST 231, and site-specific models will be discussed. Emphasis will be placed on relating predicted behavior to relevant measurements, and on identifying areas in which there is currently a lack of theoretical understanding. This tutorial is intended for technical workers with a limited background in wave propagation, such as an undergraduate course in electromagnetics, who wish to achieve a deeper understanding of the wireless radio channel.

Tuesday, September 8, 2:00 p.m.–5:00 p.m. Tue–PM3
Broadband Wireless
Tom Freeburg, Motorola, USA

This tutorial will address different applications, including wireless LANs, multimedia access in the local loop, backbone carriage, existing CLECs, and peer networks. Characteristics of frequency bands for the operation of broadband wireless will be presented, with an overview of the RF environment, path loss indoors and outdoors, the basics of multipath propagation, and the techniques to overcome it (equalization, multicarrier, smart antennas). The technology overview will include a discussion of modulation methods, radio implementation, transmitter and mobile and wireless algorithms, and they have learned from past experience how to introduce mobility features (mobility features will also be discussed in this tutorial).

Tuesday, September 8, 2:00 p.m.–5:00 p.m. Tue–PM4
Space-Time Codes
A.R. Calderbank, Ayman Naguib, Nambi Seshadri, and Vahid Tarokh, AT&T Laboratories, USA

Physical limitations on wireless channels present a fundamental technical challenge to reliable communication. Bandwidth limitations, propagation loss, noise, interference, and multipath fading make the wireless channel a narrow pipe that does not readily accommodate rapid flow of data. Deploying multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver increases the capacity of wireless channels, and the standard approach to realizing this capacity is linear processing at the receiver. By contrast, transmit diversity schemes use processing at the transmitter to spread information across the antennas. This tutorial describes space-time codes, a new coding paradigm in which signal processing at the receiver is combined with coding techniques appropriate to multiple transmit antennas. With only two antennas at the transmitter and receiver, it is possible to design systems in which the reliability/throughput far exceeds systems in use today.

Thursday, September 10, 9:00 a.m.–Noon Thu–AM
Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS)
Philippe Lucas, Cegetel, France

In Europe, third-generation mobile systems are known as UMTS (the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) and have been standardized by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). It is expected that UMTS will be commercially available in 2002 and will reach mass-market for mobile multimedia applications in 2005. The first phase of UMTS is characterized by the provision of actual services such as speech, SMS, and fax, and by the extension of fixed services such as Internet/intranet access, e-commerce, and video-conferencing applied to the mobile environment. In addition, the concept of the Virtual Home Environment allowing users to exploit their own sets of services irrespective of the network or the access part will be an essential UMTS feature. In a second phase, UMTS will be characterized by the ability to use services on any access means (cellular, cordless, fixed, satellite) connected to a unified core network. In order to achieve this goal, the core network targeted for UMTS should have a clear split between the access systems and the core network part. Europe and Japan have agreed to achieve this by an evolution of the GSM core network. This requires some evolution of actual GSM capabilities. In particular, GSM should be able to switch services with bandwidth greater than 64 kb/s; provide variable-bit-rate services to optimize the usage of spectrum and guarantee quality of service; and provide mechanisms to implement Virtual Home Environment features. In addition, UMTS addresses specific spectrum and therefore requires a new radio access system able to transmit up to 2 Mb/s depending on the usage.

Thursday, September 10, 2:00 p.m.–5:00 p.m. Thu–PM
IMT-2000: Wireless Into the Next Millennium
John Marinho, Lucent Technologies, USA

At the turn of the century, the world population of wireless subscribers will exceed one-half billion. Industry growth continues to outpace projections, particularly in the Asia/Pacific and Latin American regions of the world. The demand for new services to support data, the Internet, and advanced image and video applications are driving the establishment of new standards and technologies to provide for higher bandwidth and increased throughput in wireless networks. These standards and technologies are being proposed by various regions to the ITU under the umbrella of IMT-2000, which is scheduled for completion by the end of 1999. Based on these developments, it may be reasonable to expect that in the next millennium, wireless will become the preferred medium of access to telecommunications services and networks on a global scale.

Friday, September 11, 9:00 a.m.–Noon Fri–AM
High-Speed Wireless Data for Internet Applications
Justin Chuang, AT&T Laboratories, USA

Cellular radio services have been extremely successful in providing untethered voice communications. With the advent of new personal communications services, wireless access is expected to become even more popular. However, wireless data services have captured only a limited market share so far. One obstacle for wireless data services is their limited capability in both technology and applications. On the other hand, personal computers and Internet services have experienced explosive growth during the past three years due to low-cost, high-performance computer technologies and attractive network applications. The popularity of the World Wide Web is further accelerating market penetration. It is timely to consider a synergistic combination of wireless, computer, and Internet technologies to provide Advanced Cellular Internet Services (ACIS) using a wide-area cellular network for ubiquitous information access. There appears to be a proven market for popular applications such as Web browsing and information exchange over the Internet. A major barrier is a cellular network’s capability to transport bandwidth high enough to meet the needs of these applications. Existing wireless data rates, up to several tens of kilobits, may be over one order of magnitude short of what is required to make popular applications user-friendly. Among the many challenging tasks of wireless information networking there exist two fundamental limits imposed by the radio channel: transmission bandwidth limitation caused by multipath propagation; and co-channel interference caused by frequency reuse. The first part of this tutorial will outline two design methodologies to overcome these limitations: signal processing techniques which counter fading and interference in the physical layer; and multiple access techniques which improve system performance through radio resource management. Implementation of these techniques in existing systems and standards, including wireless LAN, wireless data networks, and second-generation data services, is reviewed in the second part of the tutorial. In the third part of the tutorial, these technologies will be applied in designing high-speed wireless data networks for emerging applications such as Internet Web browsing. An introduction to traffic models and a discussion of emerging third-generation approaches will also be included. Key technologies used in Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution and an OFDM-Based ACIS System will be discussed. The first system employs link adaptation with adaptive modulation/coding schemes and fixed frequency reuse. The second system proposes a Dynamic Packet Assignment for resource allocation and uses OFDM and smart antennas, with possible link adaptation for the physical layer. CDMA with multicode for data applications will also be discussed briefly.